Introduction: The ethical dimensions of agriculture need to be explored, distinguishing between ethics in agriculture AND ethics of agriculture. Ethics in agriculture is traditionally based on abstract moral theory, formulated through logical reasoning, but often found inadequate to address the complex ethical challenges within agriculture due to its abstract nature AND lack of practical visibility. Conversely, ethics of agriculture is approached within a context-specific framework derived from the research topic with the aim of providing more tailored solutions. Materials AND Methods: A comprehensive review of the relevant literature is conducted, using a descriptive-analytical approach to provide a CONCEPTUAL framework for understANDing agricultural ethics. Conclusion: The article highlights the critical need for a comprehensive ethical framework to address the multifaceted ethical challenges in the agricultural sector. The importance of analyzing AND resolving ethical dilemmas at all stages of agriculture is underscored in order to align practices with human ideals AND to ensure ethical decision-making by stakeholders involved in agriculture.

ABSTRACT Right to the city is one of the most important citizenship rights that can be reduced for women under different circumstances. In this mixed research, with in-depth AND semi-structured interviews, a CONCEPTUAL model has been presented to explain the causal, contextual AND interventional conditions effectively reducing women's right to the city. Then, with the structural equation modeling, the causal conditions affecting the right to the city have been investigated. Family, ethnicity, AND physical AND mental conditions were the most important background conditions that 32 women living in Ahvaz pointed to in order to influence the right to the city. Also, the participants considered politics AND government institutions, law, AND spatial policies as the most important intervention in the women's right to the city. City security, favorable actions with the city space, space-positive gender performance, AND social welfare were among the most important causal conditions that the participants mentioned in increasing women's right to the city. Causal modeling showed that the most influential reason for reducing women's right to the city of Ahvaz is urban space security, followed by urban policies AND designs. By multiplying the causal path, it is 0.84, followed by urban planning AND design with a coefficient of 0.79. Governmental AND executive institutions should pay more attention to women's right to the city through the establishment of better laws, the design of suitable spaces with individual differences, especially gender, AND, of course, with an emphasis on women. The creation of safer places in the city for women while increasing the livability of the city for citizens improves women's rights in urban spaces Extended abstract Introduction The right to the city is a universal right consisting of several instances. Since the right to the city enables the city inhabitants to access AND enjoy the urban life benefits freely, it is tantamount to the right to freedom. The right to the city, the right to freedom of building AND rebuilding cities, is one of the most valuable AND, at the same time, the most neglected human rights. Among governments, NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) AND political activists in all scales, the right to the city is often conceived in a legal meaning. In this sense, the right to city includes a set of distinct rights to urban resources AND services, shelter, public space, clean water, AND education that must be available to all, regardless of social or economic status, the bearers of such rights are urban dwellers AND their guarantor is the government. This legal conception of the right to the city emphasizes universal AND individual rights in the global liberal institutional order. The ultimate normative purpose of a legal right to the city is that the government legally encodes AND enforces the set of rights constituting the right to the city. Justice AND equality have been considered since long ago; however, injustice AND discrimination are still visible in cities. Among all kinds of injustices AND discrimination, gender equality has been a subject marginalized in all ages. In Iran, the need for urban spaces for women in accordance with the civil needs of citizens in daily life is felt. In Iran, factors such as various types of urban violence AND insecurity, which generally make women victims, have reduced the possibility AND desire for their presence AND participation in public. Because the spatial, temporal, official AND unofficial divisions in the city have caused some spaces to remain far from the reach of women. In this research, we intend to deal with the most important factors that cause women not to enjoy one of their most essential human rights, which is the right to the city.   Methodology This research, which is practical in terms of purpose, has been done with a confirmatory mixed method; first, it tried to present the most important contextual, interventional, AND causal factors effective in reducing the right to the city of women in the form of a CONCEPTUAL model by the approach of grounded theory, AND then confirming the defined causal structure with the help of structural equations modeling. The population in this research is Iranian women who are exposed to gender injustice AND do not have the right to a desirable city. Research participants have a deep experience of undermining their right to the city AND are interested in sharing it AND cooperating with the researcher. Sampling was purposefully selected from women with the least amount of the right to the city. The qualitative sample of the research was 32 people, AND the quantitative sample was 420 people. Due to the mixed nature of the research AND the use of the data-driven theory approach AND, afterwards, structural equations to collect the data, the interview was used in the qualitative phase AND questionnaires in the quantitative phase. The interviews were done in-depth, face-to-face AND semi-structured. The open-ended interview questions were conducted in a calm environment without the presence of a third person, AND the time of the interviews varied according to the conditions of the interviewee. The questionnaire used in the research has ascertained an instrument that evaluates the contextual AND causal components AND factors related to the right to the city in the form of self-declaration items. The data obtained from the interview, after being implemented in the form of text, were analyzed AND classified with the help of directed content analysis. In order to investigate the causal structure of the right to the city, structural equation modeling would have been helpful. Analyzes were performed with the help of LISREL 8.8. To estimate the causal path coefficients, the iterated maximum likelihood method was used AND the overall fit of the causal structure model of women’s right to the city was carried out by Chi-square statistic. AND, of course, the most important fit indexes of the model, such as absolute fit indexes, incremental fit indexes AND Parsimonious Normed Fit Indexes (PNFI).   Results AND discussion Directed content analysis helped us to identify the factors reducing the right to the city AND its subclasses of Iranian women. Conditions affecting women's right to the city are divided into underlying conditions, causal conditions, AND intervening conditions. The most critical underlying conditions were family, age, ethnicity, AND physical AND mental characteristics. At the same time, environment security, urban actions, social welfare, AND space gender functions constituted the essential intervening conditions, AND politics, governmental institutions, law, AND city spatial policies included the most important intervening conditions. Causal modeling also showed that the factors influencing women's right to the city are the most influential to the least influential in the form of (1) security of the city environment, (2) urban policy-making, (3) gender function of space, AND (4) interaction with the city. Security is one of the most important AND influential factors that can decrease or increase the right to the city for women.   Conclusion The right to the city, which is considered one of the most fundamental rights of citizens, is trampled or reaches its lowest level due to underlying reasons such as the gender of individuals or their families. In this case, women are more vulnerable than the men. In such a way, causal conditions such as environmental security or urban actions AND, of course, welfare have made this gender difference in the use of city space deeper AND more complicated. Meanwhile, the role of governments AND sovereignty in legislation AND policies should not be neglected to reduce the right to city for women. Our explicit suggestion is for governmental institutions AND executive agencies to pay more attention to women’s right to the city through the establishment of better laws, the design of more suitable spaces in the city, the design of urban spaces away from any gender discrimination only with the view of equal access for all AND the creation of safer places for the women living in Ahvaz.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript AND agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific.

The holy Quran has different levels of meaning. Considering the holy Quran as an interconnected whole, considering a chapter, considering a verse AND finally considering a Quranic word, each has its particular properties AND rules. As the exegetic method of verse by verse is used for verses, it can also be used as a formal logic for perceiving the meaning of Quranic words. This paper has intended to propose a formal logic for perceiving the meaning of Quranic words as the methodology for finding the meanings of Quranic words.

Diaspora is an important concept in the current social sciences. Across the last two decades it has received increasing attentions by scholars from different disciplines such as sociology, anthropology, political sciences AND cultural studies, so that diaspora studies is establishing as an emerging interdisciplinary AND important area of research. Diasporas are now among the most influential non-governmental actors that have considerable impacts on domestic politics of countries as well as play significant roles in international relations. Although, we see very little publication in Persian language about this concept AND its examples, there is a growing body of literature around diaspora in other languages, especially in western universities, media AND research centers. This paper is going to answer a key question from an Iranian perspective; what does mean diaspora AND what is/are its substantial impact(s)? I use the firsthAND scientific resources for analyzing the concept AND its CONCEPTUAL evolution across the history as well as I use case study as the best research method to properly respond to the functionality of diasporas AND their impacts in the era of globalization.

So far millions of dollars have been spent on software for management of relation with customers, institution resource planning, supply chain management AND organization projects management. Also the software can improve efficacy AND efficiency; they too create a great deal of data. Furthermore subjects such as data availability, internet usage AND intranet have been transformed into new management bases to support decision making. Creation of information systems for managers can directly help them to do their works better; namely help them in decision making. Usage of different tools for supporting decision making depends on the nature of problem. Business intelligence is also a relatively new domain which first guided by information technology AND business providers to the extent that much of business intelligence literatures extracted from industries AND academic researchers have done little in this regard. In this article the business intelligence literature has been analyzed as the data based decision making supporting systems AND to define its framework a CONCEPTUAL CLASSIFICATION has been introduced for tools, technologies AND related terms based on terms AND available articles.

AbstractPurpose: The velocity of change in the surrounding world has forced them to identify those factors which impact their change capacity. The present study was conducted to identify AND prioritize influential factors on organizational change capacity.Methodology: In terms of purpose, this was explorative AND applied research. Its population included ten familiar experts with research subjects in a research AND training center. By reviewing the literature on change capacity, relevant, influential factors were identified, AND they were concurred by the fuzzy Delphi technique, AND then they were ranked. After recognizing influential factors, a pair comparisons questionnaire was distributed among ten experts, AND after gathering the questionnaires, effecting factors were ranked using the Expert Choice11 Software package AND AHP technique.Findings: Results show that organizational culture, structure, AND style of leadership were the main factors that impacted change capacity.Conclusion: The influential factors can be divided into three categories: environmental, content, AND structural elements. Environmental factors include environment AND innovation; content factors include team working, intellectual capital, leadership, political behavior, AND human resource management; Structural elements include strategy, structure, organizational policies, information technology, knowledge management, AND technology. Value: This is the first time in the literature that the influential variables affecting the change capacity were recognized AND categorized in a CONCEPTUAL CLASSIFICATION that has not been seen in the previous research.

The objective of architectural design, beyond responding to functions, is the expression of deep AND thought provoking concepts in life AND meeting perceptual need of man. In the process of architectural design, architects confront the scourge of transforming a concept to an architectural body. It is assumed that “concepts”, “values”, “beliefs” convertinto matter by passing through several layers AND means of functional linguistic or physical means, so it will obtain the affordance of converting into a physical body, AND it is the same in architecture. Final architectural body includes different form AND shape according to the architect’s decision making, his/her knowledge of sign-making AND abilityto apply them in his design. The purpose of this study is to explain the concept of the sign AND its relationship with semantics in architecture domain AND limiting the coverage AND manifestation scope of signs in architectural design issues. The key question is “how the architectural implication of signs can be classified in the field of architecture AND how can the boundaries between different kinds of signs in architecture be recognized AND distinguished”. The content of this study is qualitative while literature review AND theoretical studies on this topic were gathered through the library method. Then the data was processed AND evaluated AND the lack of transparency AND borders in sign CLASSIFICATIONs in the field of architecture was clearly explained. This understANDing led to defining a new relationship between different levels in architectural symbols. Regarding to that, we referred to different ways of architectural signifying. As this concept is rooted in semiotic science, reviewing some points to obtain an overall understANDing of semiotics was useful for rooting exploration of architectural implications. In the following, sample works of architectural signifying were studied. The results of these studies are presented in extracted tables. Through these tables AND the result of performed studies, some results are obtained as theoretical achievements of this research in the beginning AND are summarized in deductive tables at the end. Many studies in the field of semiotics, in abundance, consider sign symbol in the same way. Moreover, in many cases, the lack of clear separation AND distinction between index AND symbols in the field of architecture causes many contradictions in architecture examples from the perspective of semiotics. In fact the boundaries between types of signs as well as clear AND precise definition of the symbol are not provided. On the other hAND, some theorists expressed the metaphors as signs in architecture but the exact location of metaphor in the context of architectural semiotics has not been expressed. All these studies led to offering a new CLASSIFICATION of signs in architecture AND the delimitation AND CLARIFICATION of manifestation AND the inclusion domain of semiotics in architecture through an inductive table. So that, signs in architecture were classified in a range of foursome in the order of icon, Index- icon, Index AND symbols. The exact boundary that makes it easy to differentiate symbol from other signs was defined. On the other hAND, the relationship between signifier AND signified in each of these four categories AND their subcategories are mentioned AND concrete examples are presented for the better understANDing of these divisions. The other outcome of this article is defining AND clarifying the position of metaphor in architecture in the same CLASSIFICATION. When architecture is supposed to meet the performance AND perception at the same time, it is manifested in one of three forms which are: 1. Iconic signs (Tangible metaphor), 2. Index-icon (Intangible metaphor) AND, 3. Index (combinatorial metaphor). In addition, the hierarchy of sign importance in architecture is showed in this table according to the discoverability of meaning in architecture through different choices of signs. Furthermore, the meaning of symbolic architecture AND symbol, as of one of the signs’ divisions in the field of architecture, was elaborated. Generally, Symbolic Architecture is referred to as Intangible Metaphoric Architecture by mistake. Symbolic Architecture is clarified in this article as a quite distinct architecture that is only responsive to the perceptual needs which is divided into two types of Mediated AND non-mediated in its semantic aspect. Theoretical outcome of this article is useful for more accurate understANDing of symbols in architecture. For instance, it can be used as criteria to identify AND classify examples of architecture AND as a guide in design stage to choose the appropriate strategy by the architect, as well.

The analysis of CONCEPTUAL Metaphors within a CLASSIFICATION which includes categories of orientational, Ontological, Structural Metaphors entails difficulties, for the single Name of Mapping often appearing in both Ontological AND Structural Metaphors. This theoretical point has made the authors of the present article scrutinize AND carry out a revision of the Contemporary Theory of Metaphor in a contrastive cross-linguistic study based on samples from Persian AND Spanish. In this research, certain changes were made in the CLASSIFICATION of CONCEPTUAL Metaphors that, making reference to data, can give rise to a more exact definition of the different types of CONCEPTUAL Metaphor. According to the new CLASSIFICATION suggested in this article three categories plus further sub categories are substituted for the existing classes of ontological AND structural metaphors, whose theoretical applicability is confirmed by the cross-linguistic data.